Latex allergy
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) estimates about 1% of the general population is allergic to latex, compared to 5% to 12% of health care workers and other individuals who wear powdered latex gloves.
Latex allergy, or hypersensitivity, occurs when the body's immune system reacts to proteins found in natural rubber latex. Natural rubber latex is a processed plant product derived almost exclusively from the sap of the tree hevea braziliensis found in Africa and Southeast Asia. Natural rubber latex should not be confused with butyl- or petroleum-based synthetic rubbers. Synthetic products, including latex house paints, have not been shown to pose any hazard to latex sensitive individuals.
Types of reactions
There are two types of allergic reactions to latex products. The first is contact dermatitis, most commonly associated with chronic glove wear. Irritant dermatitis frequently appears as chapped hands, sometimes with cracking and scaling of the skin. While very irritating, this form of allergy is not life-threatening.
The second and more serious reaction is an immediate allergic reaction. Like other common forms of allergy, these reactions occur in people who have previously been exposed, in this case to latex, and have become sensitized. With re-exposure, the initial symptom experienced is a contact reaction (hives or red, itchy skin), caused most frequently by exposure to powdered latex gloves. Individuals who are already allergic and are exposed to latex aerosols generated by powdered latex products may develop respiratory symptoms:
• Itchy, red, watery eyes
• Sneezing or runny nose
• Coughing
A few latex-allergic patients may develop more acute symptoms when exposed to latex. These reactions include:
• Chest tightness and wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Generalized hives
• Shock. This can lead to a life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis even if there are no previous warning symptoms.
If you notice any rashes or respiratory symptoms after using latex gloves, you should be examined by an allergist/immunologist.
The latex-sensitive individual is at a greater risk of developing anaphylactic food reactions than the general population. Click here to find out which foods most commonly cause a reaction. < Link to Latex and food allergies>
Source: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI)
