Sprains, Strains and Other Injuries

Posted: April 1, 2004

A sprain is an injury that causes a stretch or tear to a ligament, which is tissue that connects bone to bone.
For example, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the major ligaments in the knee, and is frequently torn during twisting motions of the knee, or during hyperextension. Immediate symptoms include a loud, painful pop, followed by swelling.

A strain is an injury to either a muscle or a tendon. This painful injury, also called a "pulled muscle," can be caused by an accident, improper use of a muscle, or overuse of a muscle.
Symptoms may include pain and difficulty moving the injured muscle, swelling and discoloration of the skin, especially bruising.

When to call the doctor
You should seek medical attention when:

• You suspect a broken bone (signs of this include misshapen limb, swelling, intense pain, bruising, numbness and tingling and limitation in moving the limb)
• The joint appears deformed
• You have symptoms of infection (the area becomes redder, more painful or warm, or fever is over 100 degrees)
• The injury causes a moderate degree of pain, limping or swelling
• Mild pain does not go away after several weeks

R.I.C.E.
For minor sprains and strains, your doctor may advise the R.I.C.E. treatment. R.I.C.E. = Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.

Rest – Reduce or stop using the injured area for 48 hours.

Ice – Put an ice pack on the injured area for 20 minutes at a time, four to eight times per day. Use a cold pack, ice bag, or a plastic bag filled with crushed ice that has been wrapped in a towel. Do not put ice directly on the skin.

Compression – Compression may help reduce the swelling. Compress the area with bandages, such as an elastic wrap, or special boots, air casts and splints.

Elevation – Keep the injured area elevated above the level of the heart. Use a pillow to help elevate the injured limb.

If pain and stiffness persist, you should see a doctor.

Source: National Institutes of Health

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