Risk Factors for GERD

Posted: April 1, 2005

No one knows why people get GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). A hiatal hernia may contribute. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach is above the diaphragm, the muscle wall that separates the stomach from the chest. The diaphragm helps the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) keep acid from coming up into the esophagus. When a hiatal hernia is present, it is easier for the acid to come up. In this way, a hiatal hernia can cause reflux. A hiatal hernia can happen in people of any age; many otherwise healthy people over 50 have a small one.

Other factors that may contribute to GERD include:

• Alcohol use
• Overweight
• Pregnancy
• Smoking

Also, certain foods can be associated with reflux events, including:

• Citrus fruits
• Chocolate
• Drinks with caffeine
• Fatty and fried foods
• Garlic and onions
• Mint flavorings
• Spicy foods
• Tomato-based foods, like spaghetti sauce, chili, and pizza

To reduce episodes of heartburn, you can try these suggestions:

• Eat small meals
• Wear loose-fitting clothes
• Avoid lying down for three hours after a meal
• Raise the head of your bed six to eight inches by putting blocks of wood under the bedposts — just using extra pillows will not help.

Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

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