What Causes Depression?

Last Updated: July 1, 2003

There is no one cause of depression. For some people, a single event can bring on the illness. Depression often strikes people who felt fine but who suddenly find they are struggling with a death in the family or a serious illness. For some people, differences in brain chemistry can affect mood and cause depression. Sometimes those under a lot of stress, like caregivers, can feel depressed. Others become depressed for no clear reason.

People with serious illnesses, such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, stroke or Parkinson’s disease, sometimes become depressed. They are worried about how this illness will change their lives. They might be tired and not able to deal with something that makes them sad. Treatment for depression helps them manage symptoms of the disease, thus improving their quality of life.

Genetics, too, can play a role. Studies show that depression may run in families. Children of depressed parents may be at a higher risk.

Symptoms of depression
Here is a list of the most common signs of depression. If these last for more than two weeks, see a doctor.

• An “empty” feeling, ongoing sadness, and anxiety
• Tiredness, lack of energy
• Loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, including sex
• Sleep problems, including trouble getting to sleep, very early morning waking, and sleeping too much
• Eating more or less than usual
• Crying too often or too much
• Aches and pains that don’t go away when treated
• A hard time focusing, remembering, or making decisions
• Feeling guilty, helpless, worthless, or hopeless
• Being irritable
• Thoughts of death or suicide; a suicide attempt

If you are a family member, friend, or health care provider of an older person, watch for clues. Sometimes depression can hide behind a smiling face. A depressed person who lives alone may briefly feel better when someone stops by to say hello or during a visit to the doctor. The symptoms may seem to go away. But, when someone is very depressed, they come right back.

Don’t ignore the warning signs. If left untreated, serious depression can lead to suicide. Listen carefully if someone of any age complains about being depressed or says people don’t care. That person may really be asking for help.

Source: National Institute on Aging

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